Na+ Retention in the Root is a Key Adaptive Mechanism to Low and High Salinity in the Glycophyte,Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Portulacaceae)

Talinum paniculatum is an important leafy vegetable and medicinal plant, used in many parts of South America, Africa and Asia. Its adaptation to abiotic stress has received little attention and therefore worthy of interest, especially as environmental conditions are rendering arable lands increasingly unfavourable for agriculture. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the influence of salt stress on the vegetative growth of the plant by subjecting seedlings to 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mm NaCl stress for 10 days. The dry weight, ion concentrations, relative water content, oxidative damage, proline, osmotic potential and some antioxidants were determined. The plants were found to retain Na⁺ mainly in the root, with less affected leaf K⁺ concentration, and consequently very low shoot Na⁺/K⁺ ratios (<0.2) under all the stress treatments. The proline content significantly increased under the 100–300 mm treatments (18‐ to 244‐fold), with a corresponding significant reduction in osmotic potential and hence high osmotic adjustment. The antioxidant enzyme activities and non‐enzyme antioxidants showed significant increase only under the highest salinity. Taken together, these results suggest that shoot Na⁺ exclusion is characteristic of this plant and is mainly responsible for its adaptation to low salinity.     

基于数据包络分析的灌区农业生产综合效率评价与分析

为评价中国灌区农业生产综合效率的空间差异性,采用数据包络分析(Data envelopment analysis,DEA)方法对全国440个灌区2010年的农业生产综合相对效率进行评估,并基于不同区域灌区农业生产投入及其冗余状况对生产效率提升途径进行探索。结果表明,8个灌区的相对效率为1.000,达到DEA有效;灌区间农业生产效率差异显著,绝大部分(327个)不足0.300,省区尺度生产效率无明显空间分布规律;各投入指标对应存在冗余灌区个数分别为319(有效灌溉面积)、369(绿水)、155(蓝水)、298(化肥)及207(农业机械);非DEA有效灌区5个投入指标的可减少量占所有评价单元投入总量的比例分别为23.8%、39.2%、18.1%、29.0%以及19.9%。综上可知,各非DEA有效灌区应根据自身投入指标冗余状况优化配置和管理资源以提高区域综合农业生产效率,其中绿水资源高效利用是全国范围内广泛面临的问题;东北和西北地区需注重水土资源配置效率提升,而南方粮食主产区应注重水肥高效利用机制的研究与实践。     

Web2．0在农业信息传播中的应用

介绍了Web2．0及其在农业信息传播中的应用与可行性，指出Web2．0在农业信息传播中的特点。     

Redesigning Industrial Agroecosystems

Summary

The development and mixed benefits of high-input industrial agriculture are reviewed, then illustrated with findings from a Georgia landscape study. As a basis for considering ways to reduce the serious negative aspects of industrial agriculture, we compared the basic ecological energetics and processes of natural ecosystems with pre-industrial, industrial, and reduced-input conservation tillage agroecosystems. We also reviewed our 20-year comparison of conventional tillage with no-till systems. The conclusion is that current trends to redesign industrial agriculture along the lines of reduced-input conservation tillage systems should be accelerated in order to maintain and restore soil quality, and to reduce pollution and soil erosion at the landscape scale.     

正确处理农机安全监督管理的八大关系

农机安全监督管理工作是一项重要的农业行政执法工作,在整个农机化管理工作起着核心的龙头作用。正确处理好上下内外等各方面的关系,对搞好农机安全监督管理工作是非常必要的。     

山西省重要农产品汞、砷、铬和镉含量背景值的研究与应用

通过有代表性的采样、检验和数学统计取得了11种农产品汞、砷、镉和铬含量的背景值,为山西省农产品质量安全评价、制定农产品质量地方标准和城乡人民调整食物结构提供了科学依据。     

大排距冲天炉性能分析

为了适应大规模、高效率的生产要求，对普遍冲天炉进行改进，设计出双排、大间距冲天炉。以前延用的是单排、独风口化铁炉，其存在熔化率低、铁水温度低、铁水成分不稳定、工人劳动强度大等缺陷，已不适合现代生产的要求。经改进设计后的冲天炉为双排、多风口，即每排４个风口，一菜８个风口。目的是人为地增加一层氧化一还原带，在炉内形成两个相互分开的燃烧带，使第一还原带的ＣＯ充分燃烧，并与得到充分预热的焦炭迅速发生反应，     

基于树形视图多层动态列表项的农副产品销售系统

通过分析农副产品销售系统中树形视图各列表项的构成层次,提出了一种调用insertitemlast（）函数实现列表项动态构建的新方法,并给出了基于此方法的农副产品销售系统实例。     

吉林省九台市地力现状与主要作物的施肥情况

通过对吉林省九台市土壤养分现状的调查,明确高产作物施肥模式形成的机理,提出适合九台市的施肥模式。     

基于模糊控制的牵引电机冷却风机变频节能控制系统

介绍了一种求解旅行商问题的新算法“最小调整法”，给出了该算法求解旅行商问题的具体步骤以及有效性证明，对算法的复杂性及近似程度进行了分析.最后通过典型算例进行了检验说明.与经典算法相比，新算法体现了简单易行的特点，对求解旅行商问题具有一定的启发意义.